Typically, when we eat a meal, our bodies break down the food into glucose and other nutrients, which are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into our bloodstream.
Carbohydrates in the meal causes blood sugar to rise and stimulates the beta cells in the pancreas to release small amounts of insulin, a hormone that helps move blood sugar and nutrients from the blood into the cells to produce energy.
Once glucose enters the cells, it decreases in the blood; signaling the beta cells in the pancreas to decrease insulin production to prevent hypoglycemia, also known as low blood sugar.
Insulin acts like a key to open the doors of cells and allows glucose in. Without insulin, glucose can’t get into the cells and builds up in the bloodstream, resulting in high levels of blood sugar.
In Type 1 diabetes, known as insulin dependent diabetes, there is a complete destruction of the insulin producing beta cells of the pancreas, leading to inadequate insulin production. Glucose builds up in the blood and the body’s cells starve for nutrients.
Various factors may contribute to type 1 diabetes, including genetics and exposure to some viruses. Normally our body’s immune system fights off these invaders, but with people with type 1-diabetes, the immune system attacks the beta cells of the pancreas. Type 1-diabetes typically develops during adolescence, but may present itself at any age.
Many symptoms of diabetes seem insignificant and often go undiagnosed. An early detection of diabetes symptoms and treatment can decrease the chance of developing the complications of the disease. Some symptoms may include:
- Unusual thirst
- Frequent urination
- Extreme hunger
- Unusual weight loss
- Extreme fatigue
Unfortunately, Type 1-diabetes cannot be prevented and people with type 1-diabetes depend on daily insulin injections or an insulin pump to control their blood sugar. Most people with diabetes receive insulin injections based on their blood glucose levels and in accordance to a plan developed with doctor or health care practitioner.
Currently there is no cure for type 1-diabetes, but it can be managed. With proper treatment, you can expect to live a long, healthy life, so remember to take care of yourself and schedule an appointment with your health care practitioner as recommended.
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